id: fr-haut-rhin-neuf-brisach
name: Neuf-Brisach
tradition: european_post_medieval
location:
  country: FR
  region: Grand Est
  locality: Neuf-Brisach
  lat: 48.0175
  lon: 7.5289
built:
  from: 1698
  to: 1707
condition: intact
definitions_met:
  state_fortification:
    verdict: 'yes'
    basis: A Vauban-system fortified town built by the French crown from 1698, octagonal bastioned
      enceinte, purely military in commission and garrison. Inscribed by UNESCO within the
      Fortifications of Vauban serial property.
  fortified_residence:
    verdict: 'no'
    basis: A fortified town, not the residence of a private lord. Communal and state rather
      than seigneurial - excluded by the criterion however formidable the works.
  popular_castle:
    verdict: 'no'
    basis: Described as a fortified town or citadel rather than a castle in tourism and scholarship
      alike.
  palatial_seat:
    verdict: 'no'
    basis: Not a residence at all - a fortified town built for a garrison and the population
      supporting it. The band requires a high-status lordly residence bearing a castle-word,
      and Neuf-Brisach is neither a lordly residence nor castle-named.
  enclosure_fortification:
    verdict: 'no'
    basis: A designed artillery-age enceinte rather than a prehistoric enclosure work; the
      bands are distinguished by period and design intent, not merely by the presence of a
      wall.
  revival_folly:
    verdict: 'no'
    basis: Genuine military fabric.
disputed: false
first_seen: '2026-07-21'
last_updated: '2026-07-21'
confidence: high
sources:
- url: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1283
  title: Fortifications of Vauban
  publisher: UNESCO World Heritage Centre
  date: '2008'
notes: 'Carried because it is the clean negative case: overwhelming fortification, zero castle.
  It scores yes on exactly one band and no on the other five, which is what a well-behaved
  record looks like when the bands are doing their job. Datasets that merge ''castles and
  fortresses'' into one field cannot represent the difference between this and Trim Castle.'